Study of immunocompetent organs of hypotrophic piglets at the background of the use of species-specific recombinant interferon

УДК 619:612.017.1:636.4
DOI 10.33861/2071-8020-2024-6-24-28

Mikhaylov E. V., Shabunin B. V., Nekrasov A. V., Khokhlova N. A., Stepanov D. S., Shabanov D. I., Shutikov V. A.

Summary. The use of medicines containing recombinant cytokines may be a promising solution for enhancing the immune response in piglets and adult pigs. One such drug is Prostimul, which contains recombinant speciesspecific type 1 cytokines and vitamins A, E, and C. During the experiments, the state of the immunocompetent organs of hypotrophic piglets was assessed against the background of species-specific recombinant interferon using immunohistochemistry methods. Three groups of animals were formed, with n=20 in each. The control group consisted of normotrophic piglets (group 1). In group 2, hypotrophic piglets were given cow colostrum at a dosage of 2.5 ml per head for 3 days. Group 3 included hypotrophic piglets that were administered Prostimul parenterally twice on the first and third days of life at a dose of 0.1 ml/kg of body weight. Before drug administration, as well as at the ages of 7, 14, and 21 days, five animals from each group were subjected to forced slaughter. Biological material (thymus, spleen, inguinal lymph nodes) was collected for immunohistochemical analysis using antibodies against the differentiation cluster Ki-67, CD-3, and PAX-5. During the experiments, on day 7 in group 3, an increase in mitotic activity (Ki-67) in the thymus by 5.8% (p<0.05), an increase in the number of CD-3+ cells in the spleen by 11.1% (p<0.05), and an increase in PAX-5+ lymphocytes in the thymus by 20.0% (p<0.05) compared to hypotrophic piglets in group 2 were noted. By day 21, an increase in mitotic activity in the spleen and lymph nodes by 5.4% and 8.1% (p<0.05), respectively, relative to hypotrophic piglets (group 2) was observed. The conducted studies show that the use of Prostimul has a positive effect on the functional state of the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes in piglets and can be used as a means of correcting immunodeficiency conditions in piglets with hypotrophy.

Keywords: recombinant interferon, hypotrophic piglets, neonatal period, immunohistochemistry, immune organs.

Author affiliation:

Mikhaylov Evgeny V., Ph. D. in Veterinary Medicine, Senior Scientific Researcher of the All-Russian Scientific Research Veterinary Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy; 114 b, Lomonosov st., Voronezh, 394087; phone: 8-910-2448543; e-mail: voronezh81@rambler.ru.

Shabunin Boris V., post-graduate student, Junior Scientific Researcher of the All-Russian Scientific Research Veterinary Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy; 114 b, Lomonosov st., Voronezh, 394087; e-mail: bv.shabunin@gmail.com.

Nekrasov Artem V., post-graduate student, Junior Scientific Researcher of the All-Russian Scientific Research Veterinary Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy; 114 b, Lomonosov st., Voronezh, 394087; e-mail: artem_artem_nekrasov@inbox.ru.

Stepanov Denis S., Ph. D. in Medicine, Senior Scientific Researcher of the All-Russian Scientific Research Veterinary Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy; 114 b, Lomonosov st., Voronezh, 394087; phone: 8-910-2448543; e-mail: gittis@yandex.ru.

Shabanov Dmitry I., graduate student, Scientific Researcher of the AllRussian Scientific Research Veterinary Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy; 114 b, Lomonosov st., Voronezh, 394087; e-mail: am7d@mail.ru.

Shutikov Viktor Alekseevich, post-graduate student, Junior Scientific Researcher of the All-Russian Scientific Research Veterinary Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy; 114 b, Lomonosov st., Voronezh, 394087; e-mail: shutikov.02@yandex.ru

Responsible for correspondence with the editorial board: Khokhlova Nina A., Ph. D. in Veterinary Medicine, Senior Scientific Researcher of the All-Russian Scientific Research Veterinary Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy; 114 b, Lomonosov st., Voronezh, 394087; phone: 8-908-1376923; e-mail: nina_xoxlova@mail.ru.