21st century new infections: highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1, H5N8, H7N9, H9N2), paramyxovirus zoonoses hendra and nipah, coronavirus respiratory syndromes

УДК 578.2
DOI 10.33861/2071-8020-2024-6-6-9

Stepanyuk M. A., Okhlopkova O. V., Sobolev I. A., Shestopalov A. M., Ermakov A. M., Popov I. V.

Summary. The 21st century can be characterized by outbreaks of the most pathogenic and contagious viruses of zoonotic origin - severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), influenza A viruses and Nipah and Hendra viruses, which have caused numerous epidemics in recent years. It is known that almost two thirds of pathogens that cause diseases in humans are of animal origin. Zoonotic diseases can be transmitted to humans through direct contact with infected animals, through the consumption of contaminated food or water, as well as through the bites of infected arthropods, such as ticks and mosquitoes. Anthropogenic factors have led to the emergence of viral diseases, creating a sharp imbalance in the ecosystem and the environment. Climate change, resource depletion, deforestation and transformation of natural landscapes, agriculture and industrialization are directly significant factors leading to outbreaks of viral diseases. Early diagnosis using molecular and serological methods of analysis plays a crucial role in the timely detection of zoonotic diseases. Expanding research aimed at monitoring and studying the conditions of emergence, circulation and evolution of viral pathogens leads to a deeper understanding of the factors determining the dynamics of potential epidemics and pandemics and ways to combat possible threats to public health.

Keywords: zoonoses, coronaviruses, influenza A viruses, henipaviruses, epidemic, monitoring, diagnostics.

Author affiliation:

Stepanyuk Marina A., Junior Scientific Researcher of the Laboratory of Genomics and Viral Evolution of the Research Institute of the Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology; 2, Timakova st., Novosibirsk, 630060; phone: 8-903-9060745; e-mail: stepanyuk_ma@vector.nsc.ru.

Ohlopkova Olesya V., Ph. D. in Biology, Senior Scientific Researcher of the Laboratory of Genomics and Viral Evolution of the Research Institute of the Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology; 2, Timakova st., Novosibirsk, 630060; phone: 8-913-7068940; e-mail: ohlopkova.lesia@yandex.ru.

Sobolev Ivan A., Ph. D. in Biology, Senior Scientific Researcher, Head of the Laboratory of Genomics and Viral Evolution of the Research Institute of the Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology; 2, Timakova st., Novosibirsk, 630060; e-mail: sobolev_i@centercem.ru.

Shestopalov Aleksandr M., D. Sc. in Biology, Professor, Honored Worker of Science of the Russian Federation, Director of the Research Institute of the Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology; 2, Timakova st., Novosibirsk, 630060; e-mail: amshestopalov@frcftm.ru.

Popov Igor V., Junior Scientific Researcher of the Faculty of Bioengineering and Veterinary Medicine of the Don State Technical University, Scientific Researcher of the Department of Immunobiology and Biomedicine of the Sirius University of Science and Technology; 1, Gagarina sq., Rostov-on-Don, 344010; e-mail: ipopov@donstu.ru.

Responsible for correspondence with the editorial board: Ermakov Aleksey M., D. Sc. in Biology, Professor, Dean of the Faculty of Bioengineering and Veterinary Medicine of the Don State Technical University; 1, Gagarina sq., Rostov-on-Don, 344010; e-mail: amermakov@yandex.ru.