Problem of foot-and-mouth colostral immunity in newborn calves

UDC 619:619.98:22/.28.053.2:616-0973

PROBLEM OF FOOT-AND-MOUTH COLOSTRAL IMMUNITY IN NEWBORN CALVES

Mishchenko A.V., Fomina S.N., Krivonos R.A., Chernykh O.Yu.

Summary. Results of tests of sera taken from newborn calves in farms located in foot-and-mouth disease buffer zones for colostral antibodies to FMD virus are presented in the article. Results of the study of blood serum of newborn calves from cattle farms located in the buffer zone of FMD for the presence of antibodies by colostrum. Foot-and-mouth disease refers to a highly contagious transboundary infectious infections. Analysis of data from the OIE and the media proves that despite the measures taken, for FMD epizootic situation in the world is quite tense and the possibility of introduction of FMD virus in any territory (country, region). In accordance with the plan of counteraction in subjects bordering the Russian Federation China, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan and Georgia operates a buffer zone for FMD. Mono- and multivalent inactivated adsorbed types A, O, Asia 1 vaccine is used for preventive immunization in FMD buffer zone. Placenta protects fetus from external influences, so during pregnancy there is no transition of immunoglobulins from mother to the fetus. Physiological immune deficiency caused by lack of immunoglobulins in calves’ blood is marked at birth. Colostrum is the only source of antibodies and cellular immunity factors for the newborn calves. Colostrum immunoglobulins are actively absorbed by pinocytosis through the intestinal mucosa during first 24-36 hours of life of the newborn calf. Level of colostral antibodies depends on the time of receipt, amount and quality of colostrum. Duration of colostral immunity depends on the quantity and quality of the obtained immunoglobulins. Authors showed the necessity to revise the scheme of vaccination of young animals in areas of high risk of introduction of FMD virus.

Key words: foot-and-mouth disease, FMD vaccine, colostral antibodies, newborn calves, pregnancy, serum, blood, colostrum, placenta, buffer zone.

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Author affiliation:

Mishchenko Aleksey V., Ph.D. in Veterinary Medicine, Deputy Director for Research and Monitoring of the Federal State Establishment "Federal Centre of Animal Health" (FSE "All-Russian Research Institute of Animal Health"); mcrd. Yurjevets, Vladimir, Russia, 600901; phone: (4922) 26-17-65; e-mail: mishenko@arriah.ru.

Fomina Svetlana N., Ph. D. in Veterinary Medicine, FMD diagnostics referential laboratory manager of the Federal State Establishment "Federal Centre of Animal Health" (FSE "All-Russian Research Institute of Animal Health"); mcrd. Yurjevets, Vladimir, Russia, 600901; phone: (4922) 26-17-65 20-83.

Krivonos Roman A., Deputy Head of the State Veterinary Department of Krasnodar region; 36, Rashpilevskaya st., Krasnodar, 350000; phone: 8 (861) 262-19-23; e-mail: epiz@uv.krasnodar.ru.

Responsible for correspondence with the editorial board: Chernykh Oleg Yu., D.Sc. in Veterinary Medicine, director of the Kropotkin territorial veterinary laboratory; 303, Krasnoarmeyskaya st., Kropotkin, 352380; phone: 8(86138) 6-23-14; e-mail: gukkvl50@kubanvet.ru.