Epizootologic features of bovine foot-and-mouth disease

UDC 619:616

EPIZOOTOLOGIC FEATURES OF BOVINE FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE

Dzailidi G.A., Krivonos R.A., Lysenko A.A

Summary. Foot-and-mouth disease – acute contagious viral disease of domestic and wild cloven-hoofed animals, characterized by fever and aphthous lesions of mucous membranes of the oral cavity, hairless areas of scalp, udder, hoof corolla, interdigital gap, accompanied by a movement disorder, in young animals – lesions in myocardium and skeletal muscle tissue.

Foot-and-mouth disease is registered in many countries of the world. According to the annual data of the OIE 55-70 countries become disadvantaged by FMD.

Since 1989 Russia is free from foot-and-mouth disease, but occasionally the agent is logged into our territory from border countries. In 2012 2900 FMD outbreaks were registered in the world, significant number of outbreaks were recorded in the countries that are in close proximity to Russia, such as Turkey (770 points), Iran (707 points), Iraq (169 points), Afghanistan (31 points), Kazakhstan (10 points).

The causative agent of foot-and-mouth disease is a small RNA virus belonging to the genus rhinovirus family Picornaviridae. In terms of resistance to chemical disinfectants refers to the stable. Extremely contagious disease, long-term carriers of the virus in animals and the preservation of its long in the environment, wide range of susceptible domestic and wild animals, the multiplicity of types and subtypes of the virus – all of these factors provide a pathogen resistance, its preservation in nature and reproduction of epizootic process.

Wild artiodactyls (buffaloes, antelopes) can act as a natural reservoir of various types. Epizootic situation on FMD animals in Krasnodar region for more than 30 years remained favorable. The last outbreak of the disease was recorded in 1980.

Diagnosis on FMD was confirmed on the 17th of June of 2013. In Mostovsky district day-to-day clinical examination of the number of animals, vaccination and revaccination of susceptible livestock, treatment of sick animals was conducted.

Keywords: large horned cattle, foot-and-mouth disease, virus, fever, aphthae, outbreak, causative agent, reservoir, economic damage, epizootic situation.

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Author affiliation:

Dzhailidi Georgy A., Ph. D. in Biology, Head of the State Veterinary Department of Kras-nodar region; 36, Rashpilevskaya st., Krasnodar, 350000; phone: 8 (861) 262-19-23; e-mail: dga@uv.krasnodar.ru.

Lysenko Aleksandr A., D.Sc. in Veterinary Medicine, professor, Dean of the faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the Kuban State Agrarian University; 13, Kalinina st., Krasnodar; phone: 8(861)2215820; e-mail: vet.kubgau@mail.ru.

Responsible for correspondence with the editorial board: Krivonos Roman A., Deputy Head of the State Veterinary Department of Krasnodar region; 36, Rashpilevskaya st., Krasnodar, 350000; phone: 8 (861) 262-19-23; e-mail: epiz@uv.krasnodar.ru.