Towards improving of the differential diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis in conditions of the republic of Dagestan

УДК 619:616.98:579.873.21Т-07
DOI 10.33861/2071-8020-2025-4-8-10

Original Empirical Research

Baratov M.O., Semenenko M.P.

Abstract. Non-specific reactions are one of the urgent problems in diagnostics of tuberculosis in animals. The studies were conducted to evaluate some methods of differential diagnostics, the results of studying of the epizootic situation in farms of different categories in all natural and climatic zones of Dagestan Republic are reflected. 37923 heads of cattle were examined, 35 guinea pigs were subjected to experimental infection, the intravenous test was studied on 138 animals. When assessing of the results of allergic studies, significant differences were found in the number of animals reacting to tuberculin, in prosperous farms - 61.42 %, compared with unfavorable ones - 38.57 %. The presence of non-specific sensitization of animals in all belts of vertical zonality was revealed. It is noted that due to the lack of statistical data, it is impossible to conduct an epizootic analysis on the republic as a whole. The non-specific nature of the reaction on tuberculin is confirmed by pathological and laboratory methods. The tuberculin sensitizing properties of isolated cultures of M. scrofulaceum, M. qordonae, M. avium-intracellulare, M. smegmatis, M. fortuitum were studied. All infected guinea pigs, with some exceptions, reacted on KAM with an average intensity 16.3±0.8. In unfavorable farms, palpebral and intravenous tests show diagnostic significance, which is confirmed by other research methods. Specificity of the palpebral test is also noted in healthy farms. The results of the study of healthy animals with an intravenous test reacting on tuberculin with an intensity 3.5±0.13 mm showed low diagnostic significance. The temperature did not rise above 0.6°C, no clinical changes were detected. The data obtained expand the understanding of the significance of the proposed methods of differential diagnosis of tuberculosis.

Keywords: tuberculosis, non-specific reactions, paraallergic reactions, pseudoallergic reactions, tuberculin, diagnostics, sensitization, cows, guinea pigs, palpebral test, intravenous test.

Author affiliation:

Baratov Magоmed O., Dr. Sc. in Veterinary Medicine, Chief Researcher, Head of the Laboratory of Infectious Pathology of the Caspian Zonal Research Veterinary Institute - a branch of the Federal Agrarian Research Center of the Republic of Dagestan, 367000, Makhachkala, st. Dakhadaeva, 88; phone: 8-928-5010948; е-mail: alama500@rambler.ru.

Pesponsibie for correspondence with the editoriai board: Semenenko Marina P., Dr. Sc. in Veterinary Medicine, docent, Head of the Pharmacology Department of the Krasnodar Research Centre for Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine; 1, 1-ya Liniya st., Krasnodar, 350004; phone: 8-918-4612663; e-mail: sever291@mail.ru.

Authors’ Contribution:

Baratov M. O.: conceptualization, data curation, methodology, project administration, resources, supervision.

Semenenko M. P.: validation, visualization, writing - review & editing.

Conflict of Interest Statement: the authors declare no conflict of interest.