Species composition and distribution of canine helminthiases dangerous to humans in the Russian Federation

УДК 619:616-002.951
DOI 10.33861/2071-8020-2022-4-39-43

Domatsky V.N., Sivkova E.I.

Summary. Data on the species composition and distribution of canine helminthiases in the Russian Federation, which pose a significant threat to human health, since they are in constant and direct contact with humans are presented in the article. Toxocariasis, dipilidiosis, opisthorchiasis, dirofilariasis, diphyllobothriasis and other diseases are the most common and dangerous for human health in different regions of Russia among dogs. The incidence of toxocariasis in dogs in different cities of Russia is on average 40%, while in rural areas it is twice as high, and in some cases reaches 100%, especially in puppies during the first months of life. The incidence of human toxocariasis in Russia ranges from 1.6 to 2.7 per 100,000 population, while in some hyperendemic regions, such as Altai, Kurgan, Perm and Udmurtia, it reaches 43 per 100,000. Over the past 20 years, the number of Russian regions where opisthorchiasis is registered has significantly increased. According to studies, about 30 thousand cases of opisthorchiasis are detected annually in 27 regions of the country. Territories of the Ob-Irtysh basin are endemic in the incidence of opisthorchiasis - they account for over 65% of the total number of sick people in Russia. The highest incidence rates are typical for the Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous region (more than 370 cases per 100,000 population) and the Yamalo-Nenets autonomous region (more than 160 cases per 100,000 population). Various environmental and social factors contribute to the sustainable persistence and spread of these diseases. The number of stray and domestic animals, small rodents, and insects annually increases in large cities, that contributes to the establishment of an unfavorable ecological and epidemiological situation in the region in terms of helminthiases. In this regard, it is necessary to conduct constant monitoring of the parasite fauna of dogs and take therapeutic and preventive measures to stabilize the parasitological situation. Also, special attention should be paid to environmental and hygienic education of adults and children.

Keywords: dog, human, parasite fauna, helminths, species composition, incidence analysis, distribution, epidemiological situation, Russian Federation, endemic region.

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Author affiliation:

Sivkova Elena I., Ph.D. in Biology, professor, chief scientific researcher of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Veterinary Entomology and Arachnology; 2, Institutskaya st., Tyumen, 625041; phone: 8-3452-258558; e-mail: sivkovaei@mail.ru.

Responsible for correspondence with the editorial board: Domatsky Vladimir N., D.Sc. in Biology, professor, chief scientific researcher of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Veterinary Entomology and Arachnology; 2, Institutskaya st., Tyumen, 625041; phone: 8-3452-258558; e-mail: vndom72@mail.ru.