Etiology, features of manifestation and prevention of mycotic abortions in cows in livestock enterprises of Krasnodar region

DOI 10.33861/2071-8020-2021-4-13-15

Chernykh O.Yu., Shevchenko A.N., Krivonos R.A., Khakhov L.A., Drobin Yu.D., Shirina A.A.

Summary. The issues of reproduction in animal husbandry in the Kuban over the past decades represent a serious problem. According to the Veterinary Department of Krasnodar region, the most characteristic reasons that influenced the lack of offspring of calves due to abortions and stillbirths are the following: keeping and feeding pregnant cows without differentiation by physiological state, prolonged physical inactivity and fodder mycotoxicosis. Mycotic abortions, which reach 11% in the structure of non-infectious abortions are one of the factors that significantly inhibits the further development of animal husbandry in the region. This condition is associated with the poor quality of feed and the ingestion of various mycotoxins in the diet. According to the Kropotkin regional veterinary laboratory mycotoxins were found in 1.5% and Aspergillus spp. and Candida spp. in 18.9% of the studied feed samples in 2020. 943 cases (11.0%) of mycotic abortion in cows were confirmed out of 8,602 examined samples in 2020. Some fungi, hitting with the feed in an organism release their toxins (aflatoxins, glucosides, etc.) into the blood. Toxins in fungi are formed during the fruiting period, when enzymatic decomposition takes place in the mycelium. During this time they are especially dangerous. It is necessary to analyze constantly the quality of feed, to prevent the ingress of poor-quality feed to animals. The most dangerous components in terms of mycotic abortions of cows are animal products (18%), grain (9.4%), haylage (8.4%). The most dangerous mycotoxins for mycotic abortions are mycotoxins DON (46.4%) and T-2 (35.7%), which together reach 82.1%. To reduce the percentage of mycotic abortions in animal husbandry, it is necessary to carry out planned medical examination with mandatory control over the quality of each component of the animals' diet.

Keywords: large horned cattle, mycotic abortion, mycoses, mycotoxicoses, diagnostics, DON, mycotoxin T-2, clinical examination, grain, feed of animal origin.

References:

1. Kotik A.N. Mikotoksikozy ptits [Mycotoxicosis of birds]. - Borki, 1999. - p. 143.

2. Kovalenko A.V., Soldatenko N.A., Fetisov L.N., Sukhikh E.A. Mikotoksikologicheskiy monitoring kormov yuga Rossii [Mycotoxicological monitoring of feed in the south of Russia]. - Kombikorma. - Moscow, 2011. - pp. 98-100.

3. Duarte Diaz. Mikotoksiny i mikotoksikozy [Mycotoxins and mycotoxicoses]. - Pechatnyy Gorod. - Moscow, 2006. - 382 p.

4. Ponomarenko Yu.A., Fisinin V.I., Egorov I.A. Korma, biologicheski aktivnye veshchestva, bezopasnost [Feed, biologically active substances, safety]. -Belstan. - Minsk, 2013. - 872 p.

5. Soldatenko N.A., Drobin Yu.D., Kovalenko A.V., Bokun E.A. Prichiny zarazheniya zernovykh toksinoobrazuyushchimi mikromitsetami i zagryazneniya ikh mikotoksinami [Reasons for contamination of cereals with toxin-forming micromycetes and their contamination with mycotoxins]. - Sovremennaya mikologiya v Rossii. - 2020 (8). - pp. 300-301.

6. Soldatenko N.A., Kovalenko A.V., Fetisov L.N. Mikotoksikologicheskiy monitoring kormov Severo-Kavkazkogo regiona [Mycotoxicological monitoring of feed in the North Caucasus region]. - Veterinariya Kubani. - Krasnodar, 2011 (2). - pp. 26-27.

Author affiliation:

Shevchenko Aleksandr N., Ph.D. in Veterinary Medicine, docent of the department of anatomy, veterinary obstetrics and surgery of the Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin; 13, Kalinina st., Krasnodar, 350044; phone: 8-861-2215820; e-mail: veterinary@kubsau.ru.

Krivonos Roman A., Ph.D. in Veterinary Medicine, docent of the department of parasitology, veterinary-sanitary expertise and zoohygiene of the Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin; 13, Kalinina st., Krasnodar, 350044; e-mail: uv@krasnodar.ru.

Khakhov Latif A., Ph.D. in Veterinary Medicine, head of the department of therapy and pharmacology of the Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin; 13, Kalinina st., Krasnodar, 350044; phone: 8-918-1361480; e-mail: latif.khakhov@gmail.com.

Drobin Yury D., Ph.D. in Agriculture, docent of the North Caucasian Zonal Scientific-Research Veterinary Institute; Rostovskoe hgw., Novocherkassk, Rostov area, 346424; phone: 8-8635-266270; e-mail: kadri.skzniwi@mail.ru.

Shirina Anna A., Ph.D. in Biology, veterinarian of the Krasnodar Veterinary Department; 110, Karasunskaya st., Krasnodar, 350910; phone: 8-989-8328473; e-mail: schirinaanna@yandex.ru.

Responsible for correspondence with the editorial board: Chernykh Oleg Yu., D.Sc. in Veterinary Medicine, docent, professor of the Department of microbiology, epizootology and virology of the Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin; 13, Kalinina st., Krasnodar, 350044; phone: 8-918-4956659; e-mail: gukkvl50@kubanvet.ru.