Overview on epizootic situation on rabies in the Russian Federation for the period from 1991 to 2015

UDC 619:616.98:578.824.11

Shabeykin A.A., Gulyukin A.M., Zaykova O.N.

Summary. Rabies' area in recent years covered a large part of the regions of the Russian Federation. The number of affected animals and the location of disadvantaged areas are permanently and significantly changing, but all of these variations in most cases occur for natural reasons, the study of which allows to understand better the mechanisms of development of the epidemic. The number of annual rabies' outbreaks in our country is higher compare with other anthropozoonotic diseases. Rabies in Russian Federation was registered at stably high levels during 1991-2015, with the epizootic process being more intensive at the administrative districts of Central, Volga and Southern Federal regions. The natural type of rabies is predominant in Russia in the last years. The registered cyclical, territorial and seasonal distribution of the disease outbreaks depends on the numbers, areal, biological and behavioral features of the natural reservoir animals. The major rabies reservoir in Russia are wild canines, mostly foxes, raccoon dogs, arctic foxes, wolfs, jackals, corsac foxes. Since 1998, there were attempts in Russia to implement the Western European approach in oral vaccination of wild animals, however, the outcome from this program was significantly lower than expected. The reasons for this failure were large migration area of reservoir animals, their high proliferation rate, large size of epizooty both within the country and in the neighboring territories. Under these circumstances, the strategy of choice in order to control the disease would be annual vaccination of domestic carnivores with simultaneous strict regulation of wild animal populations. Creation a zonal immune protection around residential areas should be part of an oral vaccination program for wild carnivores in order to minimize the epidemiologic risks.

Key words: rabies, epizooty, natural type of rabies, reservoir animals, fox, oral immunization, anti-rabies vaccination, epidemiologic risks, anti-epizootic measures.

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Author affiliation:

Shabeykin Aleksandr A., Ph. D. in Veterinary Medicine, epizootology laboratory manager of Kovalenko All-Russian Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine; 24-1, Ryazanskiy av., Moscow, 109428; phone: 8(495)9700367; e-mail: admin@viev.ru.

Zaykova Olga N., scientific researcher of the laboratory of epizootology of Kovalenko All-Russian Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine; 24-1, Ryazanskiy av., Moscow, 109428; phone: 8(495)9700367; e-mail: admin@viev.ru.

Responsible for correspondence with the editorial board: Gulyukin Aleksey M., Ph. D. in Вiology, leading scientific researcher of the laboratory of epizootology of Kovalenko All-Russian Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine; 24-1, Ryazanskiy av., Moscow, 109428; phone: 8(495)9700367; e-mail: admin@viev.ru.