Toxic-chemical monitoring of intra-rural water reservoirs with an assessment of the progressive biological threats of parasitic nature for the ichthyofauna of the north Caucasus Region

DOI 10.33861/2071-8020-2021-3-33-36

Engashev S.V., Kaloshkina I.M., Shakhmurzov M.M., Bittirov A.M., Alieva K.G., Medvedeva A.M.

Summary. New data (2018-2020) on common pollutants of intra-rural water reservoirs within the Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria are compounds of zinc, copper and petroleum products are provided in the article. According to these indicators, the chemical state of intra-village water bodies of 68 out of 76 rural settlements is unsatisfactory. Respectively, all areas of the intra-village water bodies of Kabardino-Balkaria, according to the pollution index, belong to the 4th and 5th quality classes (polluted water and highly polluted water). High values of pollution of intra-rural water reservoirs of the North Caucasus region with zinc are caused by the discharge of untreated waste water into water bodies in spring and summer. The highest concentrations of copper in the water of intra-rural reservoirs of the region (up to 9.8-10.6 threshold limit value (TLV) are observed during floods as a result of soil washout in areas of intensive horticulture, viticulture and vegetable growing. The increase in pollution of intra-rural water reservoirs of the North Caucasus region with oil products is caused by the growth of the vehicle fleet in the region, the deterioration of technical equipment and low environmental safety. In 68 intra-village water bodies of Kabardino-Balkaria, fish myxo-diseases caused in the form of mixed invasions by 6 species of the genus Myxobolus become the biological threat and are found with higher quantitative values of the extent and intensity of invasion. The total index of occurrence of 6 species of the genus Myxobolus is 86.00%, with an average abundance index equals to 86.6±7.7 ind./ pcs. For the realization of the life cycles of development of all 6 species of the genus Myxobolus in the ichthyofauna, the flat areas of the same natural reservoirs are most favorable, where the temperature and hydrobiological regimes are optimal, as well as pollution with copper and zinc compounds, oil products of intra-village water bodies reduce the resistance of the fish organism. Intra-rural reservoirs are natural biotopes of fish myxoboliasis invasions caused by biologically dangerous species Myxobolus dogeli, Myxobolus dispar, Myxobolus kubanicus, Myxobolus ellipsoides, Myxobolus pseudodispar, Myxobolus carassii, which are accompanied by organ depletion and destruction of all organs.

Keywords: Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, intra-rural water reservoirs, salts of heavy metals, zinc, copper, oil products, fish, myxoboliasis, monitoring, ichthyofauna.

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Author affiliation:

Engashev Sergey V., Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, D.Sc. in Veterinary Medicine, professor, professor of the department of Parasitology and Veterinary-Sanitary expertise of the Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology named after K.I. Skryabin; 23, Ak. Skryabina st., Moscow, 109472.

Kaloshkina Inna M., Ph.D. in Veterinary Medicine, head of the department of antiparasitic, veterinary and sanitary measures of the Krasnodar regional station of fighting against animal diseases; 15/1, Kalinina st., Krasnodar, 350004; phone: 8-918-4656939; e-mail: beretarinna@gmail.com.

Alieva Kamilla G., Ph.D. in Biology, Senior Lecturer of the Department of Biology and Medical Ecology of the Dagestan State Medical University; 1, Lenina sq., Makhachkala, Republic of Dagestan, 367000; phone: 8-8722-674903; e-mail: akamilla05@mail.ru.

Shakhmurzov Mukhamed M., D.Sc. in Biology, professor, Councilor of the Administration, Head of the Department of Animal Breeding and veterinary-sanitary expertise of the the Kabardino-Balkaria State Agrarian University named after V.M. Kokov; 1, Lenina st., Nalchik, Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria, 360030; phone: 8-8662-407307; e-mail: shahmih@mail.ru.

Medvedeva Anna M., post-graduate student of the Kuban State Agrarian University; 13, Kalinina st., Krasnodar, 350044; phone: 8-918-0155290; e-mail: medvedeva778@mail.ru.

Responsible for correspondence with the editorial board: Bittirov Anatoly M., D.Sc. in Biology, Professor of the Department of Veterinary Medicine of the Kabardino-Balkaria State Agrarian University named after V.M. Kokov; 1, Lenina st., Nalchik, Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria, 360030; phone: 8-8662-471772; e-mail: bam_58a@mail.ru.