Problem of foot-and-mouth disease in pigs

DOI 10.33861/2071-8020-2021-3-11-14

Mishchenko A.V., Mishchenko V.A., Lysenko A.A., Chernykh O.Yu., Krivonos R.A., Chernov A.N.

Summary. Pig breeding is one of the most efficiently developing branches of agriculture. The high profitability of pig breeding is determined by the genetic potential of animals, adequate feeding, appropriate zoohygienic conditions for keeping pigs and welfare for infectious, invasive and mass non-infectious diseases. Of the infectious diseases foot-and-mouth disease is the greatest danger, and like porcine vesicular disease, vesicular exanthema, vesicular stomatitis, according to the existing OIE classification, belongs to vesicular diseases. Along with these infections, vesicular lesions in pigs are recorded in idiotypic diseases, as well as in senecavirus vesicular infection. Pigs are important hosts for the FMD virus due to their ability to become infected by aerosol and oral routes and to excrete large amounts of the pathogen in exhaled air. Unlike ruminants, in pigs, the nasal and nasopharyngeal mucosa plays a secondary role in the primary reproduction of the foot and mouth disease virus. In pigs, the virus initially affects the cells of the mucous membrane of the pharynx, in which the primary reproduction of the FMD virus occurs. Subsequently, the virus enters the blood and lymph and is carried by them to the lymph nodes and other organs and tissues. With viremia in pigs, hyperthermia and other clinical symptoms, including aphthae, are recorded. Unlike ruminants, FMD virus persistence has not been recorded in pigs. Features of the pathogenesis of foot and mouth disease are such that almost any product obtained from infected animals can be contaminated with the virus and, therefore, be a factor in the transmission of the virus and the spread of the disease. The authors presented the results of epizootic investigations carried out in disadvantaged areas for foot-and-mouth disease in the period from 1973 to 2019 in the article.

Keywords: pigs, wild boars, foot-and-mouth disease, aphthae, vesicular disease, porcine vesicular exanthema, vesicular stomatitis, porcine senecavirus vesicular disease, viremia, route of infection.

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Author affiliation:

Mishchenko Aleksey V., Ph.D. in Veterinary Medicine, senior scientific researcher of the information analysis center of the Federal Centre of Animal Health; mcrd. Yurjevets, Vladimir, Russia, 600901; phone: 8-4922-261551; e-mail: a.mischenko@mcx.ru.

Mishchenko Vladimir A., D.Sc. in Veterinary Medicine, professor, chief scientific researcher of the Laboratory of the prevention of diseases of pigs and horned cattle of the Federal Centre of Animal Health; mcrd. Yurjevets, Vladimir, Russia, 600901; phone: 8-4922-261551; e-mail: mishenko@arriah.ru.

Lysenko Aleksandr A., D.Sc. in Veterinary Medicine, Professor, professor of the department of therapy and pharmacology of the Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin; 7, 29, Rozhdestvenskaya emb., Krasnodar, 350089; phone: 8-961-5075415; e-mail: vet.kubgau@mail.ru.

Krivonos Roman A., Ph.D. in Veterinary Medicine, docent of the department of parasitology, veterinary-sanitary expertise and zoohygiene of the Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin; 13, Kalinina st., Krasnodar, 350044; e-mail: uv@krasnodar.ru.

Chernov Albert N., D.Sc. in Biology, Krasnodar Regional Institute of Agribusiness; 78, Machugi st., Krasnodar, 350061.

Responsible for correspondence with the editorial board: Chernykh Oleg Yu., D.Sc. in Veterinary Medicine, docent, professor of the Department of microbiology, epizootology and virology of the Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin; 13, Kalinina st., Krasnodar, 350044; phone: 8-918-4956659; e-mail: gukkvl50@kubanvet.ru.