Features of laboratory diagnosis at fish aeromonosis

DOI 10.33861/2071-8020-2019-3-21-24

Basankina V.M., Basankin A.V., Prutsakov S.V.

Summary. Detection and identification of pathogens in case of a disease in fish with signs of bacterial hemorrhagic septicemia is one of the most important tasks for veterinarians and ichthyopathologists. The laboratory diagnostics mechanisms of Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas salmonicida are well studied for these pathogens, in contrast to opportunistic species of this family of bacteria, which only recently attracted the attention of researchers as pathogens of the disease and therefore require further study. Currently, using and analyzing the guidelines and instructions for laboratory diagnostics, authors noted that the guidelines for 1986 and 1997 and the instruction for 1997 indicate the specific pathogen and only in the instruction for 1998 it says that the causative agents of the disease are pathogenic variants belonging to the genus Aeromonas, family Vibrionaceae. Pathogenic properties of aeromonads are determined by biological test on 3 carps weighing 100-200 g from safe on Aeromonas water reservoirs. The study period according to the guidelines and instructions is 20-21 days. Also there is no information on the development of the disease with signs of bacterial hemorrhagic septicemia in other species of fish, such as clarium, sturgeon and other hydrobionts. In the above mentioned documents, there is no clear differential diagnosis of the types of possible pathogens, as well as in connection with the results of studies by foreign scientists using the 16S rRNA-nucleotide analysis, an additional basis was obtained for separating the Aeromonadaceae family from the Vibrionaceae family. Therefore, the development of guidelines for laboratory diagnosis of aeromonosis with signs of bacterial hemorrhagic septicemia for different fish species and hydrobionts is the topical issue due to the fact that over time the species composition of the pathogen changes due to the development of the emergent infection in fish, and the use of ordinary laboratory animals allowed shorten the study period and is a more affordable method for laboratories of different levels.

Key words: fish, cyprinid, clarium, sturgeon, Aeromonas bacteria, pathogen, conditionally pathogenic species of aeromonad, pathogenic properties, emergent infection, biological sample, laboratory animals.

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Author affiliation:

Basankina Viktoria M., veterinarian of the Department of bacteriology of the Krasnodar Interregional Veterinary Laboratory, post-graduate student of the Krasnodar Research Veterinary Institute; 15, Kalinina st., Krasnodar, 350004; phone: 8-918-2593649; e-mail: vbasankina@mail.ru.

Prutsakov Sergey V., D.Sc. in Veterinary Medicine, head of the department of epizootology of the Krasnodar Research Veterinary Institute; phone: 8-918-4687755; e-mail: enteroplus@mail.ru.

Responsible for correspondence with the editorial board: Basankin Alexey V., Ph.D. in Veterinary Medicine, deputy head of the department of organization of antiepizootic measures and treatment-and-prophylactic work of the Veterinary Department of Krasnodar region; 36, Rashpilevskaya st., Krasnodar, 350000; phone: 8-918-9550057; e-mail: abasankin@mail.ru.