Justification of genetic studies for forecasting cows’ loss in transition period

UDC 636.2.082

Koshchaev A.G., Usenko V.V., Yarovaya L.D., Likhoman A.V., Komarova N.S.

Summary. Common problem of dairy farming is progressive decline in productive longevity and duration of economic use of cows. Increase of culling cows of dairy herd of the 1-3th lactation is recorded throughout due to diseases of infectious nature, the main of which is recognized by the so-called metabolic diseases (rumen acidosis, ketosis, fatty hepatosis and other). It results in outflow of cows at the level of 30% or higher, and the proportion of deaths or forced slaughter due to progressive weight loss in the early postnatal period is about 40%. Authors carried out scientific and economic experiments on the establishment of early metabolic disturbances in the body of cows during the transition period and tested circuit pharmacological prevention of progressive loss of body weight on the basis of livestock enterprises of western districts of Krasnodar region. It was found that the reduction of the period of economic use of cows by 30% due to the disposal of the animals as a result of metabolic disorders in the transition period. Higher proportion of metabolic disorders (35-50%) is recorded in the large farms. Direct relationship between hypoglycemia in the early postnatal period and development of bovine liver disease was found by 40%. Efficiency of adrenergic blocker injection for the prevention of progressive reduction of body weight of cows in early postnatal period was proved, but there are questions about the dose, timing and form of preparation. Expediency of implementation of glycemic control and study of possible influence of the "genetic load" on the display of fatal metabolic disorders during the transition period in herds of cows of different breeds was justified.

Keywords: cow, herd, reproduction, calving, disposal of cows, transition period, live weight, hypoglycaemia, metabolic disorders, genetic load.

References:

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Author affiliation:

Usenko Valentina V., Ph.D. in Biology, docent of the department of physiology and animal feeding of the Kuban State Agrarian University; 13, Kalinina st., Krasnodar, 350044; phone: 8(918)4940073; e-mail: valentinader@yandex.ru.

Yarovaya Lyudmila D., Ph.D. in Agriculture, docent of the department of parasitology, veterinary-sanitary expertise and zoohygiene of the Kuban State Agrarian University; 13, Kalinina st., Krasnodar, 350044; phone: 8(918)9719901.

Likhoman Alexander V., postgraduate student of the Kuban State Agrarian University; 13, Kalinina st., Krasnodar, 350044; phone: 8(918)0420871; e-mail: temryuk-agro@yandex.ru.

Komarova Nina S., master student of the Kuban State Agrarian University; 13, Kalinina st., Krasnodar, 350044; phone: 8(918)4138515.

Responsible for correspondence with the editorial board: Koshchaev Andrey G. D.Sc. in Biology, Professor, Vice-Rector for Scientific Research of the Kuban State Agrarian University; 13, Kalinina st., Krasnodar, 350044; phone: 8(861)2215784: e-mail: kagbio@mail.ru.