Problem of foot-and-mouth disease in small ruminants

DOI 10.33861/2071-8020-2021-2-16-20

Mishchenko A.V., Mishchenko V.A., Lysenko A.A., Chernykh O.Yu., Krivonos R.A., Chernov A.N.

Summary. The epizootological role of different animal species as a source of the foot-and-mouth disease virus is different. The clinical signs of foot-and-mouth disease are the least pronounced in sheep and goats among domestic cloven-hoofed animals, that does not always allow timely detection of the disease. Many researchers believe that there is a constant threat of importation of infectious disease pathogens related to transboundary infections to any territory. Sheep and goats are the most common reservoirs of the FMD virus in the Near and Middle East. The greatest danger in the spread of the pathogen is posed by sick animals during the incubation period of the disease, when the presence of clinical signs of the disease in the flock has not yet been detected. The global live sheep and goats trade is considered to be the main risk for FMD to enter disease-free countries. Mongolian veterinarians associate the frequent spread of foot-and-mouth disease in February with the transportation of live animals and meat during the religious New Year's holiday in Mongolia. The data of epizootological investigations carried out in the unfavorable areas for foot-and-mouth disease indicate that the first cases of the disease were most often detected in large horned cattle. The disease of foot-and-mouth disease in sheep during lambing led to 100% death of newborn lambs. Veterinary specialists paid attention only to the mucous membranes of the tongue and oral cavity during the clinical examination of sheep and goats suspected in FMD. Examination of sheep and goats suspected in FMD in the premises due to low illumination did not allow revealing superficial epithelializing erosions on the mucous membranes of the tongue and oral cavity. Attention to mass lameness of animals was paid and FMD was suspected only when flocks of sheep and goats were found in pastures. Epizootological data on foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks recorded between 1973 and 2018 indicate that clinical signs of FMD caused by O-type virus were most often detected in sheep.

Keywords: foot-and-mouth disease, virus, sheep, goats, small ruminants, routes of excretion and mechanisms of pathogen spread, aerosol, secretions, excretions, contagiousness, flock, plague of small ruminants, contagious ecthyma, sheep pox and goat pox, clinical signs, lameness.

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Author affiliation:

Mishchenko Aleksey V., Ph.D. in Veterinary Medicine, senior scientific researcher of the information analysis center of the Federal Centre of Animal Health; mcrd. Yurjevets, Vladimir, Russia, 600901; phone: 8-4922-261551; e-mail: a.mischenko@mcx.ru.

Mishchenko Vladimir A., D.Sc. in Veterinary Medicine, professor, chief scientific researcher of the Laboratory of the prevention of diseases of pigs and horned cattle of the Federal Centre of Animal Health; mcrd. Yurjevets, Vladimir, Russia, 600901; phone: 8-4922-261551; e-mail: mishenko@arriah.ru.

Lysenko Aleksandr A., D.Sc. in Veterinary Medicine, Professor, professor of the department of therapy and pharmacology of the Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin; 7, 29, Rozhdestvenskaya emb., Krasnodar, 350089; phone: 8-961-5075415; e-mail: vet.kubgau@mail.ru.

Krivonos Roman A., Ph.D. in Veterinary Medicine, docent of the department of parasitology, veterinary-sanitary expertise and zoohygiene of the Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin; 13, Kalinina st., Krasnodar, 350044; e-mail: uv@krasnodar.ru.

Chernov Albert N., D.Sc. in Biology, Krasnodar Regional Institute of Agribusiness; 78, Machugi st., Krasnodar, 350061.

Responsible for correspondence with the editorial board: Chernykh Oleg Yu., D.Sc. in Veterinary Medicine, docent, professor of the Department of microbiology, epizootology and virology of the Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin; 13, Kalinina st., Krasnodar, 350044; phone: 8-918-4956659; e-mail: gukkvl50@kubanvet.ru.