Schmallenberg virus role in reproduction violation of ruminant animals

Mishchenko V.A., Mishchenko A.V., Dumova V.V., Dzhailidi G.A., Chernykh O.Yu.

Summary. Data on the role of viral diseases and Schmallenberg virus in particular in reproduction violation of ruminants is presented in the article. In 2012 Schmallenberg virus infection was detected in cattle of milk and meat breeds, sheep and goats in Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, England, France, Italy, Luxembourg and Spain. Disease was characterized by suppression, loss of appetite, diarrhea, high temperature (40°C and above), reduced milk production by more than 50%, abortions. Clinical symptoms disappeared after few days of onset. Foot-and-mouth disease virus, bluetongue, viral diarrhea, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, Rift Valley fever, ephemeral fever and other diseases were excluded during laboratory studies. Schmallenberg virus belongs to the Bunyaviridae family and the Orthobunyavirus genus. Virus was isolated from the samples of bloodsucking midges and mosquitoes (Culicoides, Culicidae). Clinically, disease was characterized primarily by the pathology of reproduction – abortion, premature birth, stillbirth and nonviable calves, lambs and goatlings. Teratogenic effects of the virus on the fetus, characterized by deformation of joints, scoliosis, hydrocephalus, neck curvature, ascites of thoracic and abdominal cavities, jaw deformity, ataxia, paralysis, blindness, swelling of the subcutaneous tissue were noticed. Teratogenesis is generally inherent to exotic arboviruses, in particular, representatives of the Bunyaviridae family and especially Orthobunyavirus, many of which cause the syndrome of congenital malformations in domestic and wild animals.

Key words: large horned cattle, pathology of reproduction, virus, virus carriers, placental barrier, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, viral diarrhea, differential diagnosis, pathological material, Shmallenberg virus, mosquitoes, teratogenesis, abortion, stillbirth.

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Author affiliation:

Mishchenko Aleksey V., Ph.D. in Veterinary Medicine, senior researcher of the laboratory of diagnostics of farm animals’ diseases of the Federal State Establishment "Federal Centre of Animal Health" (FSE "All-Russian Research Institute of Animal Health"); mcrd. Yurjevets, Vladimir, Russia, 600901; phone: (4922) 26-17-65; e-mail: mishenko@arriah.ru.

Mishchenko Vladimir A., D.Sc. in Veterinary Medicine, professor, chief expert for bovine diseases of Federal State Establishment "Federal Centre of Animal Health" (FSE "All-Russian Research Institute of Animal Health"); mcrd. Yurjevets, Vladimir, Russia, 600901; phone: (4922) 26-17-65 20-83; e-mail: mishenko@arriah.ru.

Dumova Viktoriya V., Ph.D. in Biology; senior scientific researcher of the laboratory for bovine diseases of the Federal State Establishment "Federal Centre of Animal Health" (FSE "All-Russian Research Institute of Animal Health"); mcrd. Yurjevets, Vladimir, Russia, 600901; phone: (4922) 26-17-65 20-85; e-mail: dumova@arriah.ru.

Dzhailidi Georgy A., Ph. D. in Biology, Head of the State Veterinary Department of Krasnodar region; 36, Rashpilevskaya st., Krasnodar, 350000; phone: 8 (861) 262-19-23; e-mail: dga@uv.krasnodar.ru.

Responsible for correspondence with the editorial board: Chernykh Oleg Yu., D.Sc. in Veterinary Medicine, director of the Kropotkin territorial veterinary laboratory; 303, Krasnoarmeyskaya st., Kropotkin, 352380; phone: 8(86138) 6-23-14; e-mail: gukkvl50@kubanvet.ru.