Hematological and pathological picture of mycotoxicosis in piglets

УДК 619; 576; 579.62
DOI 10.33861/2071-8020-2026-1-14-18

Original Empirical Research

Mironova A. A., Amerkhanov K. A., Mironova O. A., Vasilenko V. N., Mironova L. P.

Abstract. Mycotoxins are toxic substances hazardous to animal and human health. T-2 toxin is a common mycotoxin produced by fungi of the genus Fusarium. Ochratoxins are produced by strains of fungi of the genera Penicillium and Aspergillus. Feed contamination typically occurs with more than one mycotoxin simultaneously, which can potentiate and prolong each other’s effects on a living organism. Pigs are most sensitive to T-2 toxin and ochratoxin A. The aim of this study was to study the effect of T-2 toxin and the combination of T-2 toxin and ochratoxin on the hematological and pathological picture of piglets. As a result of the research it was established that the combined effect of T-2 toxin and ochratoxin had a more pronounced toxic effect on the body of piglets: at two and three months of age, body weight, average daily gain, the number of leukocytes (leukopenia), erythrocytes (erythropenia), hematocrit, hemoglobin level (hemoglobinemia), ESR were significantly lower; by the age of three months, 6 piglets died, 4 were forced to die; During the autopsy, the following pathological diagnoses were established: exicosis, exhaustion, congestive hyperemia and pulmonary edema, alterative myocarditis, acute catarrhal-fibrinous enterocolitis, acute catarrhal enterocolitis, congestive hyperemia, edema of the serous membranes and mesentery of the intestine, congestive hyperemia and edema of the walls of the small and large intestines, acute serous lymphadenitis of the mesenteric lymph nodes, toxic liver dystrophy, congestive hyperemia and edema of the spleen, granular renal dystrophy, congestive hyperemia and edema of the brain, congestive hyperemia and edema of the subcutaneous tissue, hemorrhagic diathesis, on the basis of which the nosological diagnosis was made - mycotoxicosis.

Keywords: mycotoxins, T-2 toxin, ochratoxin, body weight, average daily gain, hematological parameters, pathological diagnoses.

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Author affiliation:

Amerkhanov Kharon A., Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, D.Sc. in Agriculture, professor of the Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy; 49, Timiryazevskaya st., Moscow, 127434; e-mail: h.amerhanov@yandex.ru.

Mironova Olga A., Ph. D. in Biology, Head of the basic department of biology and ecosystem security of the Institute of ecology of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba; All-Russian Plant Quarantine Centre; 6, Miklukho-Maklaya st., Moscow, 117198.

Vasilenko Vyacheslav N., Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, D.Sc. in Agriculture, Chief Scientific Researcher of the Federal Rostov Agricultural Research Center; 0, Rostov hghw., Novocherkassk, Rostov region, 346421.

Mironova Lyudmila P., D. Sc. in Veterinary Medicine, professor of the department of therapy and propaedeutics of the Don State Agrarian University; Chief Scientific Researcher of the Federal Rostov Agricultural Research Center; Chief Scientific Researcher of the Federal Rostov Agricultural Research Center; 24, Krivoshlykova st., Persianovsky sttl., Oktyabrsky district, Rostov region, 346493; e-mail: mironova_lp@mail.ru.

Responsible for correspondence with the editorial board: Mironova Anna A., D.Sc. in Veterinary Medicine, Chief Scientific Researcher of the Federal Rostov Agricultural Research Center; 0, Rostov hghw., Novocherkassk, Rostov region, 346421; phone: 8-903-4718275; e-mail: aa_mironova@mail.ru.

Authors’ Contribution: the manuscript was written with the input of all authors. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript.

Conflict of Interest Statement: the authors declare no conflict of interest.