Adaptive capabilities of cattle of different breeds

УДК 619:636:57.082.261
DOI 10.33861/2071-8020-2025-1-11-15

Original Empirical Research

Poryvaeva A.P., Isaeva A.G., Krasnoperov A.S., Krivonogova A.S., Burkat N.V., Romanova A.S.

Abstract. A comparative analysis of the level of physiological adaptation to different management conditions of cattle of five breeds: Holstein, Tagil, Sychev, Istoben, Suksun was performed. It was found that the main indicators of the hemogram – the concentration of cells (erythrocytes, platelets, leukocytes) in the blood of these animals are within the ranges of the physiological norm of the species, but at the same time a narrowing of the range of reference values is noted for each breed. The most pronounced changes were recorded in cows of the Suksun breed: erythrocytes – 6.05-6.79?1012/l: platelets – 131-255?109/l; leukocytes – 7.2-10.3?109/l. A shift in the balance of the ratio of subpopulations of cells of the leukocyte fraction was diagnosed in some animals of the Sychev breed – 1.2:1; Istoben – 1.6: 1 and Suksun breed – 1.3:1. In the examined populations of cows of different breeds, the proportion of individuals with a normoergic state of immunity ranged from 83.6% to 94.7%. Disorders of the immune system (immunosuppressive states and autoimmune diseases) in cows of aboriginal breeds were diagnosed from 5.3% to 14.2%; and in the Holstein breed in 16.4% of cases. In cows, regardless of breed, the prevalence cellular component of immune system was recorded – in 20-22% of the examined livestock; the humoral component of immune system – in less than 10%. The balance of immunological reactions and physiological immunoreactivity in cows was registered in 95-96% of cases.

Keywords: large horned cattle, Tagil breed, Suksun breed, Sychev breed, Istoben breed, Holstein breed, physiological adaptation, immunoreactivity, leukocyte indices.

Author affiliation:

Poryvaeva Antonina P., D.Sc. in Biology, Leading Scientific Researcher of the Laboratory of Viral Infections of the Ural Federal Agrarian Research Center of the Ural Branch of the RAS; 112 a, Belinskogo st., Ekaterinburg, 620142; e-mail: app1709@inbox.ru.

Krasnoperov Aleksandr S., Ph.D. in Veterinary Medicine, Senior Scientific Researcher of the Ural Federal Agrarian Research Center of the Ural Branch of the RAS; 112 a, Belinskogo st., Ekaterinburg, 620142; phone: 8-343-2572044; e-mail: marafon.86@list.ru.

Krivonogova Anna S., D.Sc. in Biology, Associate Professor, Leading Scientific Researcher of the Laboratory of Viral Infections of the Ural Federal Agrarian Research Center of the Ural Branch of the RAS; 112 a, Belinskogo st., Ekaterinburg, 620142; phone: 8-343-2572044; e-mail: tel-89826512934@yandex.ru.

Burkat Nelly V., postgraduate student of the Ural Federal Agrarian Research Center of the Ural Branch of the RAS; 112 a, Belinskogo st., Ekaterinburg, 620142; phone: 8-343-2572044; e-mail: shetti@bk.ru.

Romanova Alisa Sergeevna, Ph.D. in Technics, Senior Scientific Researcher of the Ural Federal Agrarian Research Center of the Ural Branch of the RAS; 112 a, Belinskogo st., Ekaterinburg, 620142; phone: 8-343-2572044; e-mail: alisic_kolotova@mail.ru.

Responsible for correspondence with the editorial board: Isaeva Albina G., D.Sc. in Biology, Associate Professor, Leading Scientific Researcher of the Laboratory of Viral Infections of the Ural Federal Agrarian Research Center of the Ural Branch of the RAS; 112 a, Belinskogo st., Ekaterinburg, 620142; phone: 8-343-2572044; e-mail: isaeva.05@bk.ru.

Conflict of Interest Statement: the authors declare no conflict of interest.